公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生状况调查

Hygienic Investigation of Air Conditioning System of Public Places

目的了解公共场所集中空调通风系统的卫生现状。方法于2008年9月选择常州市50家公共场所的集中空调通风系统为调查对象,采用调查表进行空调卫生管理、冷却塔、通风系统等基本情况的调查。采集冷却塔的冷却水按照《公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生规范》中的附录A进行嗜肺军团菌的检测。结果50家公共场所卫生管理制度均不健全;冷却塔周边1km范围内有居民区、学校、幼儿园、老年公寓、医院的占90%,冷却塔周边100m内有步行街、人行便道、休闲广场等人群密集地方的占18%;8%的公共场所无新风;74%的公共场所未安装空气净化消毒装置;50家公共场所冷却塔均未安装自动投放消毒剂或在线消毒设备;冷却水嗜肺军团菌检出率高达89.58%,嗜肺军团菌血清亚型中,Lp1型检出率为79.07%,显著高于Lp2～Lp14型的检出率(11.63%)以及同时检出Lp1型和Lp2～Lp14型的检出率(9.30%)。不同类型场所、不同使用年限冷却水嗜肺军团菌的检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论公共场所集中空调通风系统存在不同程度卫生问题,冷却水嗜肺军团菌污染严重。

Objective To understand the sanitary status of the air conditioning system of public places and to discuss the Methods Fifty public places where the air conditioning system were used were selected as the research objects in September 2008. The questionnaires about the hygienic management, the air conditioning system and the cooling tower were used to investigate the basic situations of the air conditioning system in public places, and Legionellapneumophila （Lp） of cooling water in the cooling tower was detected. Results All the fifty public places didn＇t establish complete sanitary management system. 90% of the cooling towers were less than one kilometer from the residential areas, schools, kindergartens, agedness flats and hospitals. And 18% of the cooling towers were less than one hundred meters from the walking streets and entertainment plaza. Moreover,8% of the public places had not fresh air, the air purification wasn＇t installed in 74% of the public places and sterilization equipments, and automatic or on-line sterilization equipments in the cooling towers weren＇t installed in all the public places. In addition, the positive rate of Legionella pneumophila in the cooling towers was 89.58%.Thereinto, the positive rate of Lp 1 type （79.07%） of Legionellapneumophila was significantly higher than that of Lp2-Lp14 type （11.63%） as well as that of Lpl type and Lp2-Lp14 type （9.30%）（P〈0.001）. No significant difference was observed in the positive rate of Legionellapneumophila among types of public places and the serviced time of cooling towers（P〉0.05 ）. Conclusion The air conditioning systems of public places are being faced with some sanitary problems and the cooling water in the cooling tower was polluted with Legionella pneumophila. Therefore,it is suggested that its sanitary management should be reinforced and the sterilization management of cooling water as well as the shield between the coohng towers and the circumferences should be taken into account.