浙江省入海河流概况和河海区域管理及河海划界相关问题的建议

Overview of the rivers into the sea in Zhejiang Province and suggestions on the management of the river-sea region and river-sea delimitation

简要介绍了浙江省钱塘江(含曹娥江)、甬江等5条主要入海河流的基本情况与河口整治和开发利用的情况以及河口区域管理的主要相关法规和机构。由于海洋管理客体的特殊性,河口区域海洋管理中的涉海主体矛盾不断增多,指出并分析了河口管理中存在的3个方面的具体问题以及解决河口区域管理中存在问题的若干思考。当前河口区域管理的不甚协调局面是由于历史短暂的海洋专门管理与传统大陆型管理存在脱节造成的。目前,政府对河口区域的管理正处于由传统向现代的转型期,要解决这个问题,一是理顺依据不一问题,二是做好各部门管理工作的衔接。各行政主管部门应依据有关法律法规的要求,既不能缺位,也不能越位,建立以协调为核心的科学化管理机制已成为当今迫切需要解决的问题。在河口区域中相对有效地解决河海划界的问题,本质上就是解决该区域的陆海分界问题,选择海岸线作为标准较为恰当。当前在河海划界问题上存在诸多误区,科学认识河海划界,正确把握海陆分界的实质,才能把河海划界的研究及其成果最大限度地应用到维护国家权益上,同时从法制型政府建设的角度,站在当地经济社会谋求更大发展空间的全局高度,在法律的框架内更为理性地分析和处理河海划界中出现的各种矛盾和问题,在这一过程中,建立健全陆地与海洋管理的协调机制是十分必要的。

Five major rivers into the sea in Zhejiang including the Qiantangjiang River, Cao＇ejiang River and Yongjiang River etc. , the situation of the estuary renovation and exploitation of these rivers, and the main laws and agencies related to the management of the estuary region are briefed in the paper. Because of the special characteristics of the marine management, conflicts or contradictions in the management of the estuary region increase constantly. Three specific issues in the estuary management are analyzed and measures to solve these problems are discussed. The present chaos in estuary management is caused by the separation between the specialized marine no management exercised shortly in the history and traditional continental management. Now, the government management of the estuary region is at the transition from traditional to modern management. To solve this problem, issues without unified basis must be clarified and management function of different agencies must be well connected. Every department should work according to the requirement of the law, neither exceeding nor neglecting its functions. The most pressing task at present is to establish a scientific management mechanism based on coordination. For the estuary region, the solution of river-sea delimitation is essentially the solution of land-sea delimitation and to take the coastline as the standard is more appropriate. There are many misunderstandings on the river-sea delimitation currently. Only when the issue is understood scientifically and the crux of land-sea delimitation is grasped, the study of this issue can be applied to safeguarding the national rights to a maximum. Also, from the aspect of building a law-oriented government and seeking greater developing space of economy and society, various contradictions and problems can be analyzed and dealt with more rationally in the legal framework. In this process, it is very essential to establish and perfect the coordinating mechanism of the land-sea management.