河海分界与河海区域的综合管理

Discussion on river-sea delimitation and integrated management of estuary regions in China

河海区域是大江、大河与海洋的交汇之处,是社会、经济、文化高度发达的区域。随着我国经济社会的快速发展,河海区域在我国经济发展中的重要地位日益显现。然而,在河海区域开发利用带来巨大经济收益的同时,也出现了一些亟待解决的问题:管理政出多门,执法各自为政;产业布局失衡,生态环境恶化;围海造地无序,采沙挖沙失控;海上走私猖獗,治安纠纷不断等。众所周知,我国在河海区域管理上实行各行业部门分散管理的行政体制,一个部门在制定相关管理法规或条例时,缺少与其他部门的沟通协商,没有形成综合统一的管理体系,以致在执法管理中出现土地、水利、海洋、环保、渔政、交通等部门"各自为政、多头管理"的局面。由此所发生的各种问题和引起的各种纠纷,以及随之而来的有关河海界线划分的争议,已成为社会各界关注的焦点。所提出的"打破管理上各自为政的局面,构建统一协调的河海区域管理体系,组建集中统一的多功能多专业联合执法队伍"设想,符合我国河海区域可持续发展战略,有助于实现资源与环境、经济和社会的可持续发展。

An estuary is a semi-enclosed coastal body with free access to the sea, where the society, economy and culture is always highly developed. With the rapid development of socio-economy of our country, the importance of this area in the development of the country＇s economy becomes more and more evident. The Changjiang River Delta, Pearl-River Delta, and Bohai Economic Zone, all have taken a significant role in China＇s economic movement. However, accompanying the rapid economic growth, the problems of random development and excessive use the resources have gradually appeared. There are frequent occurrence of such events as random occupation of coastlines, land reclamation, sea sand mining, uncontrolled industrial development, and pollution etc. All those problems are resulted from the confusion and overlapping of management, because it involves a number of authorized government agencies including the State Oceanic Administration, the Ministry of Water Resources, the Ministry of Transport, the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the Ministry of Agriculture, and the Ministry of Land and Resources. Conflicts and disputes are inevitable over the management of the estuary regions among these agencies, and at the same time, discussions and argues over the river-sea delimitation appear among the research community. Based on the principles of estuary regions sustainable development, the authors of thg paper think that there is an urgent need to coordinate and integrate the estuary management policies to ensure the long-term and healthy development of the region. It is also necessary to coordinate the existing management resources, the law enforcement teams, the facilities and the infrastructures owned by the different departments, to build a unified multifunctional professional team for carrying out the policies and plans. As we move into the future, there is no doubt that the estuary regions will meet more opportunities and face more challenges. What we expect is that the integrated management system in China can not only decrease the management-costs, but also enhance the management effect as well.