中国粒用杂交高粱研究状况

Current Situation of Studies on Grain Hybrid Sorghum in China

中国粒用杂交高粱生产中应用的细胞质主要有A1和A2两种类型,两系法应用较少。不育系的细胞核有南非高粱核体系、中国高粱核体系、倾向南非高粱核体系和印度高粱核体系。恢复系的种质主要是中国高粱和倾中国高粱类型。杂种优势利用模式由南非高粱×中国高粱、中国高粱×中国高粱,发展为倾南非高粱×倾中国高粱和印度高粱×倾中国高粱。植株高度由高秆改良成中秆,使产量大幅度提高。温度是影响不育性的主要因子,A1型不育系遇到低温寡照环境败育较重;A2型不育系雌蕊败育轻,雄蕊遇高温可散出花粉,使不育系产生少量自交结实。目前生产中应用的杂交高粱植株偏高,株型不理想,抗性有待改良。

In China grain hybrid sorghum, there are two kinds of cytoplasm types A1 and A2 applied in production and less applied in two-line. The cell nucleus of male sterile line includes the Kafir nuclear system, the Kaoliang nuclear system, trend Kafir nuclear system and the Shallu nuclear system. The germplasm of r-line mainly belongs to the Kaoliang type and trend Kaoliang type. The used models of heterosis mainly are the Kafir × Kaoliang, the Kaoliang × Kaoliang, trend Kafir × trend Kaoliang, the Shallu × trend Kaoliang. As the plant height changed from high to middle, crop yield increased a lot. The main factor influenced fertility is temperature. The pistil of A1- CMS has no abortion when the temperature is low and sunlight is short. The pistil of A2- CMS has little abortion and the stamen can shed pollen with high temperature which make a little self-seed. The hybrid sorghum plant has highly height, plant type is not ideal, and resistance should be improved.