红壤旱地不同轮作模式的效益及其对土壤质量的影响

Benefit of Different Crop Rotation Modes and Their Effects on Quality of Red-yellow Dry Soil

针对南方红壤丘陵区旱坡地种植结构单一、连作障碍重、土壤质量差、种植效益不高的现状,在南方红壤旱地上进行长期定位试验,开展了不同种植模式的效益及其对土壤质量的影响研究,结果表明:轮作模式与单一连作模式相比,有利于降低作物发病指数,降低土壤容重,改善土壤的通气性、透水性,增加土壤微生物生物量,增强土壤酶活性,提升土壤有机质,提高土壤肥力,且轮作年限周期越长越为明显,其中三年轮作模式"红薯-萝卜-大豆-芝麻-萝卜-花生-萝卜"及二年轮作模式"大豆-芝麻-萝卜-花生-萝卜"的效益和效果较好,值得在南方红黄壤区旱地推广。

Aiming at the current situation of red -yellow dry sloping fields in southern hill region, including single cropping, heavy disease in continuous cropping, low soil quality and poor planting benefit, a long- term orientation trial was conducted in southern red - yellow dry fields, in order to study the benefits of different crop rotation modes and their effects on soil quality. The results indicated that in comparison with continuous cropping mode, the crop rotation mode could reduce the disease index and the volume weight of soil, improve the soil aeration and permeability, increase the edaphon biomass and soil enzyme activity, enhance the soil organic matter content and fertility. The above improvement effects would become more and more obvious when the years - cycle of crop rotation increased. Among the different years - cycle of crop rotation modes, more benefits and better improvement were attained from 3 - years - cycle crop rotation mode （potato - radish - soybean - gingili - peanut - radish） and 2 - years - cycle crop rotation （ soybean -gingili -radish -peanut -radish）, so these two kinds of planting modes were suitable for southern red -yellow dry fields.