论托尔斯泰《伊凡·伊里奇之死》中的“向死存在”

To Live in the Light of Death: On "Being-toward-death" in Tolstoy’s The Death of Ivan Ilyich

托尔斯泰的短篇小说《伊凡.伊里奇之死》,描写了主人公伊凡在与死亡面对面的对话过程中,自我意识逐步觉醒,开始了对生活的思索和生命意义的追问,在参透了"向死存在"的实存状态的真理以后,终于从"沉沦"中解脱出来,并在领悟了人生的意义在于对他人之爱的终极关怀中保持了生命的尊严,获得了精神的重生。

The short fiction of The Death of Ivan Ilyich by Tolstoy gives a detailed description of the dying process of Ivan Ilyich. The terminal illness brings about Ivan＇s self-consciousness, makes him recall his past life,and calls for his quest for the ultimate truth of life. After enlightened by the existential truth of ＂Being- toward-death＂, Ivan is released from the state of falleness. He maintains his self-esteem and gains a spiritual rebirth after being shown love and showing love for others.