罗伯特·施佩曼的善恶观论析

On Robert Spaemann's Principle of Good and Evil

善恶观念是道德哲学中最基本的一对概念,是人们对某种行为或事件道德与否的评价、观点和看法。随着社会生活中价值观、道德观的急剧变化,对这一问题的探讨显得极为必要。如何把握善恶的本质及功能,如何确立善恶的标准以及如何对善恶问题进行新视野、多角度的研究,已成为理论界关注的热点问题。德国著名哲学家罗伯特.施佩曼认为"善"与"恶"受制于文化形态、时代、社会阶层以及使用该词语者的性格特征等诸多因素,它具有相对性。判断行为是否"善"的最终标准就是看此行为能否促进人格的健全发展。一个人一旦形成了坚定的内心信念,就会在内心信念的支配和驱使下,对自己的道德活动行为进行自我评价和审视,自觉履行道德义务,产生善举。

Good and evil is the basic concept in moral philosophy, which contains people＇s comment, view and opinion towards the morality of a certain event or behavior. With the drastic changes of values and morals in social life, the discussion on good and evil has become all the more necessary. How to understand its essence and function, how to establish a judging standard and how to study the problem from new and multiple perspectives have become popular topics in the theoretical field. According to the famous German philosopher Robert Spaemann, good and evil are confined by many factors, such as cultural outlook, time, social class, the characteristics of the person who is using the word and many others. It is relative. The final standard of judging whether the behavior is good is to see if it can promote the sound development of a person＇s character. Once a firm faith has been formed in a person＇s heart, controlled and driven by the inner faith, he can evaluate his own moral activities, fulfill moral obligations consciously and leading to good behavior.