中国农村工业化及其环境污染的原因初探

Rural Industrialization and Primary Investigation on Its Causes for Environmental Pollution in China

中国农村工业化经过几十年的发展取得了较大成就,对国民经济做出了巨大贡献,加快了国家工业化的步伐,促进了经济体制的转换;转移了大量农村剩余劳动力,提高了农民收入;加快了小城镇建设的进程,在中国现代化进程中发挥了巨大的作用。但是,由于社会、经济等因素的影响,我国农村工业化进程代价相当大,尤其是这些年来在大力推进农村工业化进程的同时,忽视了环境污染与资源的有效利用问题,形成了沉重的生态负债,农村工业化和保护资源、环境、生态之间产生了日益尖锐的矛盾,面临的国土、生态、资源和环境的压力越来越大。客观地说,农村工业的高速增长在某种程度上是以资源高消耗和破坏生态环境为代价的。造成农村工业严重环境污染的原因包括:理论研究的盲点与导向的片面性、二元社会结构体制和传统的工业化发展模式及布局分散等。

With decades of industrial development, China＇s rural areas has made great achievements, which makes tremendous contributions to the national economy, thus accelerating the construction of small towns and the pace of industrialization in the country to promote the conversion of the economic system , transferring a large number of rural surplus labor force and increasing the income of the farmers. Therefore, these achievements have played a huge role in the modernization process in China. However, owing to influences from factors such as society, economy, etc. , the cost of industrialization in rural areas was considerably high. Especially over the years of vigorously pushing the process of rural industrialization to go ahead, we ignore the issues of environmental pollution and effective utilization of resources, resulting in heavy ecological liabilities. Rural industrialization is increasingly forming bigger conflicts with the protection of resources, environment, and ecology, which confronts us more pressure on soil, ecology, resources and environment. To be objective, the swift growth of rural industrialization is to a certain degree at the expense of high flow rate of resources and destruction of ecological environment. Causes for severe environmental pollution in rural areas include the one--sidedness of blindly using theoretical research as our direction ;the duality of our social structure; traditional industrialization models and disperse distribution.