一种中等高温富集混合菌对黄铜矿的浸出

Bioleaching of Chalcopyrite with A Mixed Moderate Thermophilic Enrichment

黄铜矿是我国主要的铜矿资源,采用中等高温菌是解决黄铜矿生物浸出速度慢、浸出率低,实现其生物浸出工业化的关键技术。本文通过富集技术获得一种50℃条件下的中等高温混合菌,通过分子生态学技术解析群落组成,并在摇瓶中研究了该混合菌浸出黄铜矿的影响因素。结果表明,该混合菌群落主要组成为Acidithiobacillus caldus和Ferroplasma属古菌。混合高温菌在45和50℃浸矿效果较好,在2%的矿浆浓度下,经过10天的浸出,浸出率分别达到75.4%和78.6%;在初始pH1.25～2.0,混合高温菌对黄铜矿的浸出可以获得较高的浸出率,8天浸出率均大于70%。混合高温菌对低矿浆浓度(2%～3%)的黄铜矿的浸出效果较好,随着矿浆浓度的升高,对黄铜矿的浸出能力也逐渐降低。

Chalcopyrite was the most important copper mineral resource in China. The key technology to solve the problems of slow leaching rate and low extraction efficiency was the application of moderate thermophiles, which would be important to realize the industrialization of chalcopyrite bioleaching. A mixture of moderate thermophiles was enriched at 50 ℃ with chalcopyrite, and the microbial community was analyzed by molecular ecological technology. In shake flask tests, the conditions for bioleaching of chalcopyrite with this mixed culture were investigated. The resuits showed that acidithiobacillus caldus and Ferroplasma sp. were the dominant species in the community. When pulp density was 2%, the mixed culture showed good bioleaching efficiency at 45 and 50 ℃, the copper extraction efficiency was 75. 4% and 78.6% respectively. When initial pH value was from 1.25 to 2.0, the mixed culture showed higher copper extraction efficiency of more than 70%. The mixed culture had better bioleaching efficiency at lower pulp density （2% - 3% ） , the copper extraction efficiency decreased with the increase of pulp density.