大型水泵机组故障特点与原因分析

Characteristics and Reason Analysis of Failure on Large Pump Units

大型水泵机组的故障直接影响机组安全、可靠运行,影响泵站功能的发挥。分析了大型水泵机组故障的特点:影响大、原因复杂、隐蔽性强和故障率确定难;确定了主要故障形式:电机推力瓦烧损,电机线圈绝缘失效,水泵导轴承及轴颈磨损,叶片调节机构失效,水泵汽蚀;从设计、结构、安装和运行等方面研究了主要故障的原因。成果对改进大型水泵机组的设计选型,减少故障发生,及时准确诊断和排除故障,缩短维修时间,降低维修费用,确保维修质量有重大意义。

The failures of large pump units make them can not run safely and reliably, and influence their functions. The failure characteristics of large pump units are that the influence is great, the reasons are complicated, it is difficult to observe and the failure rate is hard to determine. The main failures of large pump units are as follows ： burn out of thrust bearing liner of the motor, failure of stator and rotor coil insulation of the motor, wear-and-tear of guiding bearing and shaft neck of the pump, break- down of adjusting mechanism of the pump blade, and pump cavitation. The reasons of main failures are studied in design, structures, installation and operation etc. The results are significant to improving design and selection of large pump units, reducing failure frequency, diagnosing and obviating failures exactly in time, reducing maintenance and repair time and costs, and ensuring maintenance quality.