不同前作对套作小麦花后生长发育及产量形成的影响

Effects of Different Preceding Crop on Growth and Yield Development of Winter Wheat after Flowering

以"川麦44"为材料,单因素随机区组设计,研究3种前茬(大豆茬、玉米茬、红苕茬)对套作小麦花后物质积累、叶片光合特性及产量构成的影响。结果表明,前作为玉米和大豆时,开花时旗叶净光合速率高,叶片厚且叶色深;花后绿色叶面积大,持续时间长,叶绿素下降缓慢,叶片衰老延缓;玉米茬和大豆茬的小麦单茎干物质积累量大,成熟期干物重在穗中的分配比例大,表现为穗粒数多,千粒重大,单穗重高,最终产量豆茬和玉米茬小麦显著高于苕茬小麦。

In this study, single radom-plot design was conducted to study the effects of different preceding crop （soybean stubble, maize stubble, sweet potato stubble） on the accumulation of dry matter, flag leaf photosynthetic characters and yield of wheat e.v. Chuan-mai 44 after flowering. The results showed that： when the stubble was maize and soybean, there was a higher net photosynthesis rate and chlorophyll content in flag leaf, and the flag leaves were thicker and wider, the green leaf area declined slowly after flowering. Soybean stubble and maize stubble had higher dry matter accumulation after anthesis and the allocation proportion in spike was more at the harvest time, so which had more grains/ear and kernel weight, the yield of sweet potato stubble wheat was significantly lower than beans and corn crop stubble.