播期提前对四川盆地弱春性小麦新品种的产量效应

Effect of Sowing Dates on Wheat Yield in Sichuan Basin

本研究于2005~2007年连续两个生长季，选用弱春性小麦高产品种“川农23”、“川农19”和品系“J210”进行了提前播种与正常播期下小麦生育特点和产量比较研究，旨在为四川盆地弱春性小麦品种适播期的确定，以及早播早熟型超高产小麦新品种的选育提供理论依据。结果表明：提前播种时小麦各生育阶段都相应提前，灌浆期和全生育期都有所延长，在保持较高单位面积粒数的同时，提高了千粒重，产量有较大幅度提高。在第一个生长季里，在10月24日播种的“川农23”、“川农19”和“J210”分别比11月4日播种增产3．97％、8．80％和12．64％，而“J210”又比“川农23”和“川农19”分别增产13．34％和23．48％，最高产量达8396．85kg／hm2；在第二个生长季里，10月18日播种的“J210”比11月5日播种增产29．92％，最高产量为7112．8kg／hm2。因此作者认为：在用于稻麦两熟制种植模式时，“川农23”、“川农19”和“J210”的播种期可以提前到10月25日左右，以获得更高产量，并且还应以这些弱春性高产品种为骨干亲本，建立一个播期在10月20日左右的育种新平台，以尽快育成更加适应稻麦两熟制的早播早熟型超高产小麦新品种。

To determine the sowing dates of winter wheat and afford theoretical evidences for developing new cultivars with early sowing and maturating in the rotation of winter wheat （Triticum aestivurn L. ） and rice （Oryza sativa） , a prevailing double-cropping system in the Sichuan Basin. In this study, three winter wheat genotypes （CN19, CN23 and J210） were used to investigate the effect of sowing date on both developmental progress and yield potential in two growth seasons （2005~2006, 2006~2007）. The results showed that winter wheat with early sowing date had the earlier growth and development, the longer grain filling stage and whole growth date, the larger thousand grains weight and the higher yield maintaining the high grain number in unit area, com- pared with winter wheat with normal sowing. In addition, the yields of CN19, CN23 and J210 sowed on 24th October were enhanced by 3.97%, 8.80% and 12.64% respectively, against those of the sowed on 3rd November in the season of 2005~2006. J210 had the highest yield, up to 8396.85 kg/ha, which was 13.34% and 23.48% more than CN23 and CN19, respectively. Furthermore, the yield of J210 sowed on 18th October was 7112.8 kg/ha, which was 29.92% more than that of on 5th November in the season of 2006 -2007. The components of yield such as spikes per unit area, kernels per spike and grain weight were all improved. Therefore, to increase wheat yields in the rotation of winter wheat and rice, wheat cultivars CN19, CN23 and J210 could be sowed before 25th October, and they would be yield wheat cultivars with early sowing date about used as important parents to develop new high 20th October, which was adapted to the double-cropping system.