甲氨蝶呤对假孕大鼠输卵管组织学及超微结构的影响

Effects of methotrexate on histology and ultrastructure of salpinx in pseudocyesis rat

目的:观察不同剂量甲氨蝶呤(MTX)对假孕SD大鼠输卵管组织学及超微结构的急性期及远期损伤。方法:72只SD雌性大鼠,致假孕状态后再行MTX腹腔注射:1mg/kg组(Ⅰ)、2mg/kg组(Ⅱ)、5mg/kg组(III)及腹腔注射生理盐水对照组,每组18只。10d、2个月后分别杀取各组半数大鼠的输卵管壶腹部组织,行常规组织学和透射电镜检测。结果:①光镜下MTX处理后10d的各组输卵管标本中,均出现输卵管间质水肿及炎性细胞浸润,并随MTX剂量增大而加重,且组Ⅲ中炎性细胞浸润至输卵管上皮全层,对照组则无明显改变。急性期输卵管炎症在2个月后逆转为正常。②透射电镜下MTX处理后10d的各组输卵管标本中,均出现上皮细胞纤毛消失或减少,并随MTX剂量增大而加重,但组Ⅰ的纤毛消失在2个月后表现为可逆,组Ⅱ、Ⅲ的损伤在2个月后表现为不可逆。且组Ⅲ在10d及2个月的标本中,均出现纤毛细胞内线粒体水肿、空泡形成及结晶样物质形成;粗面内质网扩张并有电子致密物沉积;细胞核固缩;无纤毛细胞顶部的分泌颗粒代偿性增加。而对照组则无明显改变。结论:MTX作用后的输卵管出现了近期及远期、可逆或不可逆性的结构及功能的损伤,且损伤效应存在一定的量-效关系。

Objective： To investigate the acute and long-term injury of different doses of methotrexate （MTX） on histologiy and ultrastructure of osalpinx in pseudocyesis rats. Methods： Seventy-two SD pseudocyesis rats were randomly divided into 4 groups （n=18）. Increasing doses of MTX were administrated to the rats by intraperitoneal injection： 1 mg/kg in group I, 2 mg/kg in group Ⅱ and 5 mg/kg in group Ⅲ. Rats were only received injections of physiological saline as control groups. Ten days and 2-month after drug injection, half of rats in each group were kilied respectely and the fallopian tubes were removed and submitted to examination under light and transmission electron microscope （TEN）. Results：①Numerous infiltration of inflammatory cells within submucous membrane could be seen in the samples of ten days after MTX treatment under light microscopy. And it was serious with increasing doses of MTX. In group Ⅲ, inflammatory cell infiltrated could be observed to epithelial lamina coule be seen. And In the control group the condition of all surface structures seemed normal.Yet, all surface structures returned to normal condition after 2-Month.②In all samples of ten days after MTX treatment, uitrastructural examination showed loss of cilia in epithelial ceils which was serious with increasing doses of MTX. Cilial decrease or loss from epithelial cells returned to normal condition after 2-Month in group I, while it was irreversible in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ. In group Ⅲ, extensived crystalloid formation could be aiso observe and vacuolization occurred within the mitochondria; rough endoplasmic ; karyopyknosis occurred; secretory granules on the ultrastructural changes can＇t return to normal after reticulom dilation and electron-dense mass deposited top of the cilial was compensatorily increased, such 2-month. But no obvious change could be found in the control group. Conclusion：Histological and ultrastructural alternations do occur within fallopian tubes resulting from MTX. Such complications can attribute to certain degree doses of MTX.