海基硬岩矿床的安全开采技术研究

Study on the Safety Mining Technology of Seabed Hard Rock

给出海基硬岩矿床开采的概念,分析海基硬岩矿床开采与一般陆地矿床开采的不同之处;综述世界范围内海基硬岩矿床开采所使用的开拓方法与采矿方法,通过对海基矿床上覆岩层的完整性掌握、矿床埋深、防水岩柱厚度的分析研究了海基硬岩矿床开采的可行性。结合我国三山岛海底金矿的开采经验,研究开采过程中的工程灾害及灾害的产生机理;提出要通过加强海底矿床上覆岩层的地质勘察、合理留设防水岩柱、加强岩层移动监控、渗水点的定时监测、作好充填接顶等措施来防止海水溃井,同时也对井内防治水害、长距离矿井通风等问题给出了治理措施。

To distinguish the ocean mining, the concept of seabed hard rock deposit mining is given and the difference between the seabed hard rock deposit mining and land deposit mining is discussed. Then, the developing and mining method for seabed hard rock in world wide is summarized, and the feasibility of seabed mining is studied by analyzing the terrane structure above the deposit, the depth of deposit and the thickness of waterproof rock pillar. By combining the mining experience of Sanshandao seabed gold mine in China, the engineering disasters existing in the process of mining are studied as well as their formation mechanism. It is suggested that the seawater burst can be prevented through good grasp of terrane struc- ture, reasonable retaining of waterproof pillar, real-time monitoring of rock movement and seepage condition. Also, The problems of preventing groundwater and long-distance mine ventilation are studied and corresponding control measures are proposed.