大学章程的内涵探析

A Study on the Connotation of University Statute

目前大学的发展过程中,一方面还存在着计划经济的巨大影响,大学具有明显的附属性,办学自主权没有得到很好的落实。另一方面,受市场机制的影响,大学盲目贷款、圈地、扩校、扩招,大学教育质量令人忧虑。适应市场经济体制的高等教育管理体制和运行机制还没有建立起来,大学的发展在某种程度上存在着混乱和无序。这和绝大多数学校没按照《教育法》、《高等教育法》制定自己的"宪法"——"章程"有很大的关系,本文通过历史分析找出大学章程的两个基本特征:法定性和统领性,以此为据来科学界定大学章程的内涵。

For years, two main factors have negatively affected the smooth development of higher education institutions. To begin with, the aftermath of the once planned economy policies also plays an undesirable role, so that universities are still far from being independent. Secondly, with the gradual introduction of market economy into education, a trend of building up a new indus- try called ＂higher education industry＂ has taken form. Planned loans, expansion of campus and annual enrollment as well as the deterioration of teaching quality go along with the trend. Proper management and mechanism in universities have not been estab- lished and their development is to some degree in disorder. Most of universities have failed to set up their statutes in conformity with the Education Law and Higher Education Law. This paper tries to find out two essential features of the connotation of the uni- versity statute, which should be set up ＂by law ＂and should be ＂fundamental＂ .