中国近现代体育教材发展的回顾与展望

Review and expectation of the development of physical education textbooks in modern China

运用教材相关理论对我国近现代体育教材的发展演变历程进行剖析与评价,结果显示:我国近现代首部体育教材是1903年出版的《蒙学体操教科书》,不同学段体育教材的发展存在差异性与潜伏性,教材的发展经历了从无到有、多、优、精的漫长历程,不同时期大中小学体育教材发展存在统一性与不平衡性,呈现出社会、教育、经济、文化、体育因素的制约性与时代性等规律。中国未来的特色体育教材应强调民族传统特色,加强大中小学的衔接性和实用性。教师和学生用书的特色、数量和质量将在不断完善的教材管理制度中得到体现和增长。

By tracing physical education textbooks published in various periods in modem China, the authors dissected and evaluated the course of development of sports textbooks in modem China by applying related textbook theories, and revealed the following findings： since physical education textbooks in modem China, represented by the Gymnastics Textbook for Children published in 1903, officially went on the stage of history, there have been differences and delitescences in the beginning of development of physical education textbooks at different study stages; the development of the textbooks had gone through a long process from none to many, excellent and exquisite; the development of college, middle school and elementary school physical education textbooks in different periods is unified but unbalanced, showing such patterns as the restriction and time nature of social, educational, economic, cultural and sports factors, which has inspirations for making physical education textbooks with Chinese features. By describing major characteristics of physical education textbooks with Chinese features in the future, such as emphasizing traditional national features of the textbooks and strengthening connections between college, middle school and elementary school physical education textbooks, the authors drew the following conclusions：textbook selection will be more rational and practical; the characteristics of textbooks used by teachers and students will be more distinctive; the quantity and quality will be increased/enhanced synchronously in the constant perfection of the textbook management system.