攀西地区膏桐不同群体种子性状与出仁率变异规律

Research on Genetic Variation of Seed Traits of Different Jatropha curcas Populations in West Panzhihua Area

为揭示中国攀西地区膏桐不同群体种子的质量性状与出仁率变异规律,对天然分布的12个膏桐群体的种子性状进行测定与分析统计。结果表明:膏桐种子质量、种壳质量、种仁质量、出仁率在群体间和群体内均存在极显著差异,普龙群体果质量、仁质量和出仁率均高;在4个表型性状中种仁质量的平均变异系数最大,为27.79%;其次为种子质量(22.13%)和种壳质量(19.46%);出仁率变异系数最小,为11.58%;表明出仁率性状最稳定,种仁质量最不稳定;种子各部分的质量性状变异没有地理规律性,种子性状和出仁率主要受遗传控制;膏桐种仁质量与种子质量和出仁率呈极显著的正相关关系,种子质量与种壳质量呈负相关,通过种子质量可预测种仁质量,其模型为:Y=0.127+1.248x。

The seed characteristics of 12 Jatropha curcas populations from west Panzhiihua region were measured and analyzed to reveal the variation law of different qualitative seed traits and kernel rate among the studied J.curcas populations. The results showed that there were extremely significant differences either within or among the populations in the seed weight, the hull weight, the kernel weight and the kernel rate. The Pulong population displayed higher values in seed weight, kernel weight and kernel rate. Among the 4 phenotypic traits, the average coefficient of variation of the kernel weight was the largest （27.79%）, and that of the seed weight was the second largest （22.13%）, which was followed by that of the hull weight （ 19.46% ） and the kernel rate had the lowest variation coefficient （11.58%）. The study indicated the kernel rate was the most stable trait, while the kernel weight was the most unstable one. It was showed that there were no geographical laws to govern the qualitative property variation in different parts of the seeds, while the seed traits and the kernel rate were mainly controlled by genetic factors. The study showed that the kernel weight was significantly and positively correlated with seed weight and the kernel rate, whereas the seed weight was negatively correlated with the hull weight. The kernel weight and the kernel rate, whereas the seed weight was negatively correlated with the hull weight. The kernel weight could be calculated with the seed weight by means of applying the model： Y=0. 127 ＋ 1. 248x.