长白山小天池极北鲵种群再引入的初步观察与分析

Preliminary Observation and Analysis on Population Re-introduction of Salamandrella keyserlingii in the Small Tianchi Lake in Changbai Mountain

通过调查，已知极北鲵在长白山高山带的主要栖息地小天池已处于绝迹状态．为促进小天池极北鲵种群的恢复重建，于2008年6月中旬首次实施了极北鲵种群的再引入，共引入卵袋6个，蝌蚪约2000尾．观察结果表明，投放的卵能够正常完成孵化，蝌蚪能够正常生长、存活直至完成变态，说明再引入种群对所引入的水环境具有一定的适应能力．至2008年9月中旬完成变态的近3个月时间里，其体长共增长了约30～35mm，完成变态时体长达到41～46mm．至变态末期有死亡个体出现，占当次观察总个体数的16．7％以下．我们对种群潜在的致危因素进行了分析，认为深入了解并去除这些致危因素，是种群成功恢复的重要前提条件之一．

It was known by the investigation that Salamandrella keyserlingii was in an extinguished state in the small Tianchi Lake where it was the main habitat of the species in the high altitude zone in Changbai Mountain.The population re-introduction was carried out for the first time during the middle period of June in 2008 so that the population restoration and reestablishment could be promoted. Total 6 ovum pouches and about 2000 tadpoles were introduced. The observed results showed that the ova threw in could finish incubation normally, tadpoles could grow and survive normally until finishing metamorphosis, thus it showed that the population re-introduced had a certain adaptable ability to the water environment where it was introduced. The body length had increased about 30 -35 mm in the nearly 3 months till the middle period of September in 2008 when they finished metamorphosis, the body length had reached 41 -46 mm. There were dead individuals occurred at the end period of metamorphosis, which accounted for less than 16.7 % of the total amount of individuals observed at that time.The potential endangered factors of the population were analyzed. It was considered that knowing well and removing the endangered factors was one of the important conditions for population restoring successfully.