母亲与母法——外国宪法典中母亲权利的文本分析

Mother and Constitution——Analysis of Mothers' Right in Foreign Countries' Constitutions

在138部外国宪法典当中,有89部规定了母亲权利,约占64.5%。其中就对母亲权利的规定而言,中亚、东欧以及拉美等国宪法多于其他地区的宪法;20世纪后诞生的宪法多于20世纪前诞生的宪法;社会主义国家的宪法多于非社会主义国家的宪法;非发达国家的宪法多于发达国家的宪法。而在各国宪法典中,有关母亲权利的显性规定远多于隐性规定,具体规定稍多于抽象规定,正向规定远多于反向规定。

89 constitutions which stipulate mothers＇ right account for approximately 64.5 percent of 138 constitutions of foreign countries. In terms of etauses about mothers＇ right, the constitutions of Central Asian Countries and East European Countries contains more than those of the other countries; the constitutions published after 1900 contains more than those published before; the constitutions of socialist countries contains more than those of the other countries; the constitutions of developing countries contains more than those of developed countries. As to the provisions concerning mothers＇ right in these constitutions, the provisions which clearly refer to ＂mother＂ are far more than ones which only involve other relevant concepts; specific provisions are slightly more than abstract ones; direct provisions are far more than reverse ones.