贵州省少数民族地区加强常规免疫服务效果评价

Evaluation of the implementation effect on strengthening routine immunization service in minority areas of Guizhou Province

目的评价贵州省少数民族地区加强常规免疫服务策略的实施效果。方法采用队列研究,设计统一调查表,对剑河、台江、罗甸、长顺4个试点县,在实施加强常规免疫服务策略前后,通过询问儿童监护人并核对预防接种证和预防接种卡的方法调查儿童免疫规划疫苗基础免疫覆盖率,通过问卷调查儿童监护人预防接种知识、态度、行为(KAP)。结果2008年效果评估中,儿童建预防接种卡、证率,卡介苗(BCG)、口服脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗(OPV)、百白破联合疫苗(DPT)、麻疹减毒活疫苗(MV)、乙型肝炎疫苗(HepB)5种疫苗的基础免疫覆盖率,HepB首针(HepB1)及时接种率和卡疤率均比2006年基线调查结果有不同程度提高;儿童住院分娩比例、儿童监护人预防接种KAP知晓率较2006年也呈升高趋势。结论对基层防保人员进行反复培训,对基层工作开展经常性检查指导,加强与相关部门合作,开展有针对性的宣传活动,是少数民族地区提高常规免疫服务质量的有效策略。

Objective To evaluate the implementation effect on strengthening routine immunization service strategies in the minority areas of Guizhou Province. Methods Before and after implementing the strategies, the cohort study was applied to investigate the coverage rate of routine immunization by asking the child＇ s guardians and checking immunization certificate and card, to understand the guardian＇ s＇ knowledge - attitude - practice （KAP） on odian and Expanded Programme on lmmunizations（EPI） by questionnaire in the counties of Jianhe,Taijiang, Lu- Changshun. Results After carrying out the strategies, the coverage rate of routine immunization, baby＇s delivery rate in hospitals and guardians KAP knowing rate on EPI increased on varying extent. Conclusion To train again and again to the EPI staffs at the grass - roots level, supervise constantly the work at the grass roots level and, strengthen the cooperation with correlative departments as well as develop pertinent propagandizing activities are effective strategies for strengthening routine immunization service in the minority areas.