广西核和辐射应急医学资源调查研究

Survey of medical emergency resources dealing with nuclear and non-nuclear radiation in Guangxi

目的了解广西现有核和辐射应急医学资源及应急准备工作情况。方法以现场调查方式普查广西省、地市级以上医疗卫生机构和卫生行政部门,以及相当于省、地市级的军队和企业医院;抽查部分县级医疗机构。结果在所调查的212个机构中,各级卫生行政部门、放射卫生机构、医疗机构,建立了包括处置核应急在内的各种公共卫生突发事件。应急机构和管理部门的比例分别为81.8%、26.7%和78.3%。但均没有设立核应急专门机构且缺乏应急资金储备;制订了核放射应急预案的比例分别是36.4%、17.8%和41.3%。放射卫生机构、医疗机构核和辐射应急相关专业技术人员数量不足,被调查的放射卫生机构相关专业技术人员有176人,其中现场检测、核素分析及个人剂量检测人员共有107人;医疗机构中辐/放射诊治人员32人。在核和辐射应急相关医疗设备、核和辐射防护设备、基础设施、应急药品储备方面存在储备数量不足,相关检测设备数量严重不足、老化,缺乏防护装备等问题。核/放射应急队伍专业人员培训不到位。对公众的核/放射应急知识宣传少。曾经开展过核/放射应急演习(演练)2次。结论广西医疗卫生机构的核/放射应急医学救援系统在组织体系、人力资源、物资设备和基础设施等方面已经形成了一定规模。但仍存在核和辐射应急医学资源严重匮乏,核/辐射应急医学救援方面能力比较薄弱。远远不能适应有核地区应急要求。

Objective To investigate the preparedness of medical emergency resources dealing with nuclear and non - nuclear radiation in Guangxi. Methods All provincial and major city hospitals and government medical agencies in Guangxi were selected for the survey, additionally, major military hospitals, hospitals belonging to big companies and some county hospitals in Guangxi were also included in this survey. Results Among the 212 organizations surveyed, 81.8% of the government agencies had a unit to deal with public health emergency （including nuclear emergency）, while the percentage for radiation health and medical institutions was 26.7% and 78.3%, respectively. Very few organization had a specific radiation emergency unit and there was no sufficient financial resource, although the ratios of the above three types of organizations that had a budget for radiation emergency were 36.4%, 17.8%, and 41.3%. respectively. There were insufficient radiation emergency technical staffs, only 176 trained personnel, 107 of them were field inspector capable of analyzing nuclear elements and radiation dosages, 32 staffs were able to treat radiation related illness. There were insufficient radiation treatment and pre- vention equipments, basic infrastructure, medicine supply, radiation detection equipment were undersupplied and out of date. There was also insufficient training for radiation response staff members. There were very few public radiation emergency training （only two emergency drills in the past） . Conclusion There are emergency organizations to deal with nuclear and non - nuclear radiation in Guangxi, but the emergency treatment and rescue resources are insufficient, and could not meet the regional demand.