农民工市民化进程中存在的问题与对策

Research on the Problems and Countermeasures in the Process of Citizenization of Migrant-workers

当前农民工问题已经成为影响城乡统筹发展与和谐社会建设的重要因素,而市民化是解决农民工问题的有效途径。文章在界定农民工市民化内涵的基础上,指出了农民工市民化过程中存在的主要问题,即农民工就业岗位有限,工资水平较低;农民工的住房条件拥挤,购房困难重重;农民工子女受重视程度高,教育现状不能令人满意;农民工参与社会保障比例不断提高,总体状况不容乐观;农民工工作强度大,业余精神生活匮乏。针对上述问题,文章认为户籍制度、二元城乡结构、不健全的城镇公共设施与农民工的主观意愿是影响市民化的主要因素。最后提出促进农民工市民化健康发展的对策建议:改革城乡分割的户籍制度,建立全国城乡统一的劳动力制度,建立全国统一的社会保障制度和公共服务体系,培养农民工的市民意识。

Migrant-wrorkers are important factor that make against the common development of town and county and the building of harmonious society in our country. Citizenization is an effective process. Based on the contents of citizenization of migrant-workers, this article discusses the problems in the process：less jobs and lower salary ; bad living condition and great difficulty of buying new house ; dissatisfaction with the present education condition;the less proportion of taking part in social security. According to these problems, the reasons shall include the following：the identify system;the urban-rural dual structure;unfit communal facilities and the desire of migrant-workers. Finally, it puts forward some countermeasures for the healthy development of citizenization：to reform the identify system;to establish a uniform labor force market;to push forward the social security system and public services system actively;to cultivate the willing of being citizen