试析中华人民共和国历史上的子女顶替就业制度

A Tentative Analysis of the System of the Offspring Filling Up a Job Vacancy Left By the Parent in the History of the PRC

职工退休、退职,子女顶替参加工作是中华人民共和国历史上一项行之有年的劳动就业制度。自20世纪50年代至80年代,子女顶替制度的形成和发展经历了比较复杂的变化。这种制度在特定历史条件下对促进就业曾发挥了积极作用,但从根本上说,它并不是解决就业问题的有效办法。80年代末期,随着劳动就业体制改革的深化和公平、竞争、择优就业观念的深入人心,这一历史性的就业制度退出历史舞台。

That a young man or woman got a job at his or her parent＇ s place of work when the parent retired or died was a system of employment practiced for many years in the history of the PRC. In the period from the 1950s to the 1980s this system gradually took shape and underwent complex changes. It played a positive role in securing employment under the specific historical conditions in China but, in the final analysis, it was not an effective way to the solution of the employment problem. At the end of the 1980s, with the deepening of labor and employment restructuring and the increasing popular support to the ideas of fairness, competition and employing workers on their merits, this employment system finished its mission and stepped down the stage of history.