陶瓷材料的超塑性

Superplasticity in Ceramics

虽然陶瓷材料在本质上是一种脆性材料；然而研究已表明细晶陶瓷材料具有超塑性，在高温下能产生很大的拉伸形变．本文综述了超塑性的特征和Y2O3稳定四方ZrO2多晶体这种典型的超塑性陶瓷材料的形变机理，形变特征以及动态晶粒生长、玻璃相和产生孔穴对其超塑性形变的影响，此外，还总结了其他陶瓷材料，包括Al2O3、Al2O3－Y2O3稳定四方ZrO2、纳米陶瓷和玻璃陶瓷的超塑性行为和特征．

Although ceramic materials are considered inherently brittle, superplastic behavior has beenobserved in many fine-grained ceramic materials with large elongation to failure at high temperatures. This paper reviews the major features of superplasticity, the deformation characteristicsand mechanism of yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals, a typical superplastic ceramic,and the effects of dynamic grain growth, glassy phase and concurrent cavitation on the deformation behavior of Y-TZP. The superplastic behavior of other ceramic materials, including A12O3Al2O3-Y2O3 stabilized tetragonal zirconia composites, covalent ceramic materials, nanostructuredceramics, and glass-ceramics are also summarized.