海水淹溺型急性肺损伤的研究现状

Present status of study of seawater drowning-induced acute lung injury

海水淹溺是导致落水人员死亡的主要原因,近年来人们开始重视海水淹溺方面的研究,并在基础研究与临床救治方面均取得了一些成果。在理论和模型制作方面,确立了海水淹溺型急性肺损伤(SWD-ALI)的概念,成功复制出SWD-ALI动物模型,明确了肺组织的病理及病理生理改变;在分子生物学研究方面也有大量的报道,为阐明肺损伤机制提供了有力的证据,并通过与淡水淹溺进行对比,发现SWD-ALI具有致伤重、病情进展快的特点,如不给予及时有效的救治,将很快发展为海水淹溺型急性呼吸窘迫综合征(SWD-ARDS);在救治方面,确立了以机械通气为主的综合治疗措施。上述研究成果为以后更全面地认识SWD-ALI、提高海水淹溺伤员的救治成功率奠定了基础。

With the exploitation of marine resources and environmental deterioration, perilous events in the sea are gradually increasing. Seawater drowning is one of the most important causes of death. Researches on seawater drowning have attracted more and more interests in recent years, and certain progresses have been achieved in scientific research and clinical treatment. In the aspects of theory and establishment of a model, a renewed concept of seawater drowning-induced acute lung injury （SWD-ALI） has been acquired, the animal model of SWD-ALI has been successfully reprodaced for elucidation of the pathological and pathophysiological changes in lung tissue. Multiple results of molecular biological research on SWD-ALI have contributed to illuminating the pathogenesis involved. It is indicated that, compared with freshwater-induced lung injuries, SWD-ALI is severer in clinical picture, and it might develop to a peculiar seawater drowning-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome （SWD-ARDS） if no prompt and effective treatment is employed. For the clinical treatment for SWD-ALI, comprehensive therapies based on mechanical ventilation have been approved. The scientific outcomes mentioned above have laid a foundation for the full realization of SWD-ALI and more effective rescue of SWD-ALI patients.