嫁接防治番茄青枯病的研究

Control of tomato bacterial wilt with grafting

分别进行了4个番茄砧木品种ZJ-1,ZJ-3,ZJ-7,ZJ-9对番茄青枯病的抗性,与番茄接穗品种浙杂203亲和性及其嫁接苗对番茄青枯病抗性的测定。结果表明,ZJ-1和ZJ-9是防治番茄青枯病的最佳抗病砧木,且它们与接穗品种浙杂203的嫁接亲和力强,其嫁接成活率都超过99%;分别接种3个不同小种的番茄青枯病菌,以ZJ-1和ZJ-9为砧木的浙杂203嫁接苗的平均成活率分别为97.4%和97.8%,与浙杂203非嫁接苗的平均成活率(为75.0%)差异极显著。经田间对嫁接苗的长势、产量和品质测定,以ZJ-1,ZJ-9为砧木的浙杂203嫁接苗的青枯病病株率均小于5.0%,大大低于对照植株浙杂203的发病率21.4%,比不嫁接的浙杂203分别增产92.2%和101.7%。且嫁接苗的生长势强,对果实的品质无影响。

Four tomato rootstock varieties （ZJ-1, ZJ-3, ZJ-7 and ZJ-9） were selected as rootstock and Zheza203 was selected as scion to investigate the graft compatibihty and the resistance to tomato bacterial wilt. The results showed that ZJ-1 and ZJ-9 were the best rootstock for disease-resistance, which had higher graft compatibility with Zheza203 and whose grafting survival rates were more than 99%. After the inoculation of three Ralstonia solanacearum isolates respectively, the grafting survival rates were 97.4% and 97.8% when Zheza203 was grafted with the stocks of ZJ-1 and ZJ-9, while only 75.0% of Zheza203 could survive without grafting, showing significant difference. After grafted with ZJland ZJ9, the disease plant rates of Zheza203 were lower than 5%, significantly lower than 21.4% of the control Zheza203 without grafting. Meanwhile, the yields of the grafted combinations （ZJ1-203 and ZJ9-203） were increased by 92.2 % and 101.7 % respectively, compared with Zheza203 without grafting. In addition, the grafting seedlings of ZJ1-203 and ZJ9-203 had strong growth and had no effect on the fruit quality.