自动情绪调节:基于社会文化与神经科学的考量

Automatic Emotion Regulation:Sociocultural and Neuroscientific Considerations

情绪调节的以往研究大多聚焦于有意情绪调节,而日常生活中普遍存在的自动情绪调节却较少受到关注。与自动加工类似,自动情绪调节无需意识努力、注意分配及有意控制,使个体在阈下知觉中自动有效地调节情绪,根据发生在情绪反应产生之前或之后分为先行聚焦自动情绪调节和反应聚焦自动情绪调节,前者会产生相对适应良性后果,后者则会产生相对适应不良后果,来自神经科学的证据显示两者存在不同的神经基础,这与社会文化考量相一致。社会文化对塑造自动情绪调节起着重要作用,情绪调节的自动认知加工在不断重复的社会文化实践和规范中内化而成。

Most prior research has focused on deliberate forms of emotion regulation but left out an important aspect of emotion regulation, namely, automatic emotion regulation （AER）, which is prevalent in our daily life. Similar to automatic processing, automatic emotion regulation works effectively on any aspect of one＇s emotions without making a conscious decision to do so, without paying attention to the process of regulating one＇s emotions, and without engaging in deliberate control. Antecedent-focused AER （those mostly taking place before the emotion is fully initiated） seems to be relatively adaptive while response-focused AER （those mostly taking place after an emotion is initiated） seems to be relatively maladaptive. The neural correlates of response-focused AER are different from antecedent-focused AER. The notion of an adaptive type of AER is in line with sociocultural considerations. Sociocultural context plays an important role in shaping AER. Cognitive processing within AER can become automatized with repeated cultural norms and practices.