儿童冒险行为的影响因素

The Affecting Factors of Children's Risk Taking Behavior

冒险行为是个体面对风险情境时的行为意愿,是一种特殊类型的决策。儿童的冒险行为受到个体、家庭、社会-情境三个方面的影响。个体因素方面,儿童的性别和年龄会影响他们对风险的知觉、对受伤风险的估计和对行为后果的归因;认知决策能力和预期情绪体验则影响到儿童对风险情境的判断。家庭因素方面,父母和兄姐是影响儿童冒险行为的重要他人,父母的态度和反应会直接影响儿童的冒险行为,而兄姐的言语和行为会改变他们的风险决策。从社会-情境的角度来看,风险情境会对儿童的冒险决策带来压力,有同伴在场时会促使儿童更倾向于参与冒险。综合分析并探讨冒险行为的各个影响因素及其产生机制,对提出合理干预措施,减少儿童因冒险行为而导致的意外伤害具有重要意义。

Risk-taking behavior is the individual will of facing the risk. It is a special type of decision-making. There are 3 aspects affect children＇s risks taking behavior： the individual characteristics, family factors and social-situation factors. For individual factors, the child＇s gender and age will affect their risk perception, the estimated risk of injury and the consequences of the acts attributed; cognitive decision-making capacity and the emotional-based factors may have an impact on the children＇s judgment of the dangerous situation. For family factors, children＇s parents, sisters and brothers have great impact on the children＇s risk-taking behavior. The attitude and response of parents will affect the children＇s participation of risk-taking behavior. As well as, the children＇s sibling play very important role in theft risk decision-making. From the perspective of the social-situation factors, the risk situation would put pressure on the children＇s risky decision-making. The presence of peers will enhance the inclination of the children to participate in risk behavior. Comprehensive analysis of various factors of risk-taking behavior and its mechanisms, which are great significance for propose the reasonable interventions methods to reduce children＇s accidental injury which is caused by risk-taking behavior.