“科学唱法”与中国民族声乐艺术发展诸问题刍议

On "Scientific Singing" and Development Problems of Chinese National Vocal Art

自20世纪二三十年代美声唱法传入我国以来,有关各种演唱方法"科学性"的讨论一直持续至今。本文认为,所谓"科学唱法",应当是一种植根特定民族的发声传统,以优美悦耳的声音效果为训练目的,并在此基础上对发声原理有系统认识的歌唱方法。在发声原理的实证研究方面,美声唱法与民族唱法并无本质的不同,都需要经过细致与量化的案例分析,总结其规律,进而形成系统的理论认识。而在科学唱法的民族性方面,又必须从传统演唱经验与审美趣味的角度,进行文化背景的探究,如此才能真正实现既有科学通约性又具备本民族艺术特色的民族声乐艺术发展目标。

Since the bel canto introduced into China during 1920s and 1930s, discussion on ＂scientific＂ singing methods has lasted till now. The paper holds that the so-called ＂scientific singing＂ should be a vocal tradition rooted in specific nationality and a singing method taking beautiful musical sound effects as the training purpose and thus having a systematic understanding on the vocal principle on this basis. There is no essential difference between national singing and bel canto on the empirical research of vocal principle, forming a systematic theoretical knowledge based on quantified and detailed study on cases and concluding the law. The national character of scientific singing should be explored the cultural background from the traditional singing experience and aesthetic point of view so as to really achieve the development goal of national vocal art with scientific quality as well as the artistic characteristics of the nationality.