煤炭开发对水环境影响评价研究

The design and application of evaluation method to the influence of coal exploitation on water environment

在综合分析煤炭开发利用对生态环境影响成因机理的基础上,提取水资源数量、水环境质量和生态环境三个方面的特征要素建立煤炭开发对水环境影响评价模型。应用所建立的模型对神府-东胜矿区煤炭开发引发的水环境影响进行评价。结果表明,神东矿区煤炭开发引发的水环境影响程度已达中级。按照目前的煤炭开采规模和速度,预计未来10年,神东矿区煤炭开采破坏的地下水资源量将达29亿m3。合理有效地开发煤炭资源,保护水资源,促进生态环境改善和区域经济的可持续发展,是西北地区煤炭资源开发利用过程中必须贯彻的方针。

Northwest China that riches in coal resources will become the main base of energy supply in the future. Because of natural conditions causing extremely poor water resources, the eco-environment is very fragile. However, coal development will affect surface ecology and the environment, groundwater resources will be disturbed. Three factors--water resource quantity, water environment quality and ecology environment--that derived from the overall analysis of the mechanism of influence about coal exploitation on ecology environment, were used to establish the water environment evaluation model which are applied to assess the water environmental impact of coal development of Shenfu-Dongsheng coal mining. The results show that the degree of water environmental influence is inferior in Shen Dong mining area. Depending on the scale and speed of mining, destroyed ground water resources will reach 2.9 billion m^3. It can be concluded that the influence of coal exploitation on water environment is serious; the breakage of aquifer is permanent and non-renewable.In order to improve ecological environment and promote sustainable economic development of the region, reasonable and effective development of coal resources, protection of water resources is the necessary policy, which must to be implemented in the development and utilization of coal resources in northwest China.