武汉市汉阳区8825例动物致伤患者特征与狂犬病干预效果分析

Investigation of 8825 individuals suffered from animal-wounds and the effect of rabies vaccination in Hanyang district,Wuhan city

目的了解动物致伤人群特征,评价狂犬病疫苗免疫效果,为预防控制狂犬病提供依据。方法设计统一调查问卷,了解2005～2007年就诊者动物致伤情况,对疫苗免疫后抗体进行检测,对数据进行统计与分析。结果共调查8825人,男4672人、女4153人;致伤动物以犬为主(5937例)占67.28%,猫(2035例)占23.06%,鼠伤(730例)占8.27%,其他动物致伤(123例)占1.40%;受伤程度,Ⅲ度伤(4714例)占53.42%,Ⅱ度伤(3844例)占43.56%,Ⅰ度伤(267例)占3.02%;受伤部位,一处伤(7239例)占82.03%,多处伤(1586例)占17.97%;伤后自行处理伤口者(930例)占10.54%;伤者在伤后24h内进行狂苗接种的7957人占90.16%;其中863例致伤者狂犬疫苗免疫后抗体检测阳性率为88.30%;流行病学追踪结果,狂犬病发病率均为0。结论汉阳区动物致伤者以犬和猫致伤为主,应加强犬和猫管理,按规范处理伤口和接种人用狂犬病疫苗干预狂犬病的效果是可靠的。

Objective To understand the characteristics of the individuals injured by animal and evaluate the effect of rabies vaccination, in order to provide the basis for the prevention and control of rabies. Methods Uniform questionnaire was designed, individuals injured by animal during 2005 -2007 were investigated, and post-vaccination antibody level was tested,all the data were statistically analysed. Results There were 4 672 male patients and 4 153 female. The majority was dog-bites, accounted for 67.28% ; cat-wound ranked the second, accounted for 23.06% ; rat-wound accounted for 8.27% ; and other animal-wound accounted for 1.40%. The degree of injury： degree III （4 714 cases） accounted for 53.42% , degree II 3 844 cases, accounted for 43.56% degree I 267 cases, accounted for 3.02% ; The number of wound： single wound, in 7 239 cases （ 82. 03% ）, more than one, in 1 586 cases （ 17.97% ）. The number of patient who treated the wound by oneself, accounted for 10. 54% （930 cases）. 7 957 （90. 16% ） eases received rabies vaccination within 24 hours, in which positive antibody was found in 863 cases. The follow-up showed that no rabies was found in both two groups. Conclusion Dog and cat were the major cause of animal-wound in Hanyang district. The proper management of animal wound and timely rabies inoculation were reliable for the prevention of rabies.