东北三省水稻籽粒充实率及其与产量和品质的关系研究

Study on Grain Plumpness of Rice and Its Relationship with Yield and Quality in Northeast Region of China

以2005年辽宁、吉林、黑龙江3省水稻区域试验品种(品系)为材料,在栽培管理水平高、有代表性的沈阳、公主岭、五常区试点,研究了东北不同地区水稻籽粒充实率的差异,充实率与产量、穗部性状、品质、淀粉RVA谱特征值的关系。结果表明3省籽粒充实率以黑龙江最高,辽宁和吉林差异不显著;饱谷千粒重是吉林>黑龙江>辽宁,相互差异显著;受精粒千粒重是吉林和黑龙江极显著高于辽宁,吉林与黑龙江差异不显著;饱粒率和结实率是辽宁、黑龙江>吉林;充实率与产量正相关不显著,与着粒密度、二次枝梗数、二次枝梗粒数和二次粒率显著或极显著负相关,与穗型指数、一次枝梗结实率和二次枝梗结实率显著或极显著正相关;与碾磨品质和外观品质关系密切,对其有正面影响。RVA谱特征是黑龙江峰值粘度、热浆粘度、冷胶粘度、回复值、消减值和起浆温度最大,辽宁崩解值最大,吉林峰值粘度时间最大,并且充实率与RVA谱特征值关系密切。

The purpose of this study was to compare grain plumpness of varieties at different region of northeast in China, and reveal the relationship between grain plumpness and yield and quality. Forty-five rice cultivars and lines attended regional trial in Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces in 2005 were used to study grain plumpness of varieties at different region of northeast in China and its relationship with yield, panicle characteristics, quality and RVA profiles in Shenyang city, Gongzhuling city and Wuchang city with higher cultivated level. The results indicated that grain plumpness of Heilongjiang province was significantly higher than that of Liaoning and Jilin provinces, but there was no significant grain yield difference between Liaoning and Jilin. 1 000-plump grain weight was in order of Jilin 〉 Heilongjiang 〉 Liaoning, and did significantly different among different provinces. 1 000-fertilized grain weight in Jilin and Heilongjiang was very significantly higher than that in Liaoning, but there was no significant grain yield difference between Jilin and Heilongjiang. Plump grain rate and grain plumpness were in order of Liaoning and Heilongjiang 〉 Jilin. Grain plumpness was not significantly correlated to yield, significantly or very significantly negatively correlated with grain density, secondary branches, the number of secondary branch grains and ratio of secondary branch grains, and significantly or very significantly positively correlated with panicle trait index and seed-setting rate of primary branch and secondary branch, and had a positive effect on milling quality and appearance quality. Peak viscosity, hot paste viscosity, cool paste viscosity, consis- tence, setback and pasting temperature in Heilongjiang province were highest among the three provinces, and breakdown in Liaoning and peak time in Jilin were highest. Except for hot paste viscosity and setback, grain plumpness had a significant relationship with other RVA profiles.