皖南焦甜香烤烟碳氮代谢差异分析及糖分积累变化动态

Dynamic Changes of Carbon-Nitrogen Metabolism and Sugar Accumulation in South Anhui Flue-cured Tobacco with Sweet Aroma

选择皖南4种代表性植烟土壤,研究了烤烟生长发育过程中碳氮代谢和糖分积累动态的差异,为开发焦甜香烟叶提供理论依据。试验结果表明,冲积沙壤土和河滩沙壤土烟叶的碳氮代谢变化具有较大的一致性,表现为在烟株生长发育的早中期阶段氮代谢和碳代谢强度均处于较高水平,下部叶在移栽45 d以后,中部和上部叶在移栽60d后硝酸还原酶活性显著降低,碳代谢的标志性酶转化酶活性在达到最大值后也表现下降,但下降幅度远低于硝酸还原酶。两种沙壤土烟叶的总糖含量较高。水稻土烟叶在烟株前中期碳氮代谢水平相对偏低,高峰期偏迟,后期氮代谢水平相对偏高,有明显滞后现象,烟叶总糖含量相对较低;沙滩粉沙土烟叶碳氮代谢高峰出现较早,且在整个生长发育过程中均处于较低水平,沙滩粉沙土烟叶糖分含量低于2种类型沙壤土。

Four typical tobacco soils in South Anhui Province were selected to investigate the dynamic changes of carbon-nitrogen metabolism and total sugar content during the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that the carbon-nitrogen metabolism of tobaccos grown in Alluvial sandy soil and coarse sandy soil presented a similar trend of dynamic change. During the early and middle growth stages of tobacco, both carbon metabolism and nitrogen metabolism were at a high level. The activity of nitrate reductase decreased significantly in bottom leaves after transplant for 45 d, and in middle and top leaves after transplant for 60 d. The invertase activity also decreased after peak values, but its degree of decrease was much less than that of nitrate reductase. The content of total sugar was at the highest level for both sandy soils. For the rice clay soil, the level of carbon-nitrogen metabolism was relatively low at early and middle plant growth stages compared to the Alluvial and coarse sandy soils, and its peak time was much delayed. At late growth stage, the level of nitrogen metabolism was relatively high, but the sugar content was relatively low. For the powder sandy soil, the peak time of carbon-nitrogen metabolism appeared early, and maintained a low level during the whole plant growth season. The sugar content in powder sandy soil was also lower than in sandy soil.