上海市徐汇区小学生近视影响因素的多水平模型分析

Multilevel Model Analysis on Influencing Factors of Myopia Among Pupils in Xuhui District of Shanghai

目的了解小学生近视的影响因素,为针对性地防治学生近视提供依据。方法通过整群抽样方法,随机抽取上海市徐汇区5所小学三～五年级小学生2143名进行近视相关的行为及环境因素问卷调查,通过多水平模型分析小学生近视的影响因素。结果小学生近视个体水平的影响因素为年级、父母近视情况、家长对孩子眼放松行为的督导等,学校水平的影响因素包括性别、校外每周户外活动时间、校外读写时间、校外娱乐视近时间、读写姿势等。结论小学生近视的干预应采取针对性的措施,学校应将重点放在学生读写姿势的指导和督导上,家长则应加强对孩子眼放松行为和习惯的督促培养。

Objective To study influencing factors of myopia among pupils, and to provide basis for prevention and cure of myopia. Methods Five primary schools in Xuhui district of Shanghai were selected with cluster random sampling method, and 2 143 pupils in grade 3 - 5 were included. The students＇ behavioral and environmental factors related to myopia were investigated by the questionnaire survey. Multilevel model was used to explore the influencing factors of myopia. Results The significant influencing factors of myopia among pupils were grade, parent＇s eyesight and eye relaxation at individual-based level, gender, hours per week for outdoor activity, hours per day for reading and writing, hours per day for close-sight entertainment outside school and reading and writing posture were meaningful at school-based level. Conclusion Intervention measures for myopia among pupils should be taken on the basis of the actual situation in different schools. Instruct and supervise students＇ reading and writing posture should be emphasized by school and children＇s eye relaxation habit should be enhanced by parents.