石油酸催化转化过程的研究

Catalytic Conversion of Petroleum Acid

随着原油供应劣质化的日趋严重,加工高酸原油对于改善当前的能源形势具有重要意义。采用自制催化剂、以固定床微型反应器为评价装置,考察了反应温度、空速和催化剂种类对脱酸效果的影响以及不同酸种类的脱酸效果。在各反应温度下,浸镁的ML-16B催化剂的脱酸效果均优于石英砂,且脱酸率随温度的升高而增加,但增加的趋势变弱,而石英砂只有在较高温度时才具有一定的脱酸率,这表明浸镁的催化剂具有较好的催化脱酸效果。随重时空速降低,脱酸率先是快速增加,当空速低于18h-1时,空速对脱酸率的影响很少;比较不同种类催化剂的脱酸效果可以发现,浸镁的催化剂和碱性基质的催化剂具有较好的脱酸效果;比较不同酸种类的脱酸效果,由于催化剂具有一定的孔道结构,且部分活性中心位于催化剂孔道内,而碳链越长,扩散阻力越大,使得脱酸率随碳链的增加而降低。

With the increase of the output of the domestic and foreign highly sour crude oil year by year, it is important to process highly sour crude oil. Removing acid compounds from crude oil is regarded as one of the most important processes in heavy oil upgrading. The effects of reaction temperature, space velocity and catalyst type on deacidification were investigated. The rate of deacidification increases with the increase of temperature and the decrease of space velocity. Compared with different catalysts, the rate of deacidification of Mg soaked catalyst was higher than other catalysts. This showed that Mg has important influence on the deaeidification process. Comparing the rate of deacidification of different acid, the length of carbon chain has important influence on deacidification. The diffusion resistance increases with increasing carbon chain. This made long carbon chain acid difficult to touch more active center, so the rate of deacidification decreases with the increase of carbon chain.