妇媟贞娩考

A Study of the Oracle Inscription on Lady Ye's Delivery

在宾组一类卜辞中,今见有"帚(妇)枼","帚媟"之称40余例。"媟"为族名之"枼"(葉字初文)的女化字。枼(葉)族之女妇媟为商王武丁所宠幸的王妇之一,曾有三次关于她生育的占卜纪录。其中使用龟甲进行的占卜纪录,多见于1936年出土的YH127坑卜辞。另外还有一部分是利用卜骨所进行的占卜,其内容盖可与YH127坑所见妇媟分娩卜辞相系联。根据对这些著录材料的爬梳整理,本文推断妇媟分娩的时间大致是武丁在位中期的某年二月、某年四月和某年七月。其中在四月分娩的这一次,正值洹水秋汛之时。该类卜辞中还见有武丁祈告母媟的记录,故可推知商王武丁的父辈亦可能娶配有葉族之女。甲骨文中所见到的妇媟,应是迄今有文字可考的最早的叶族人。

There exist 40 odd oracle bone inscriptions related to Lady Ye in group Bin. Ye was a name of a clan in Shang Dynasty. Lady Ye was one of the Wudi＇ s favoured imperial concubines. Her Three deliveries were recorded on oracle inscriptions, most of which were tortoise shell oracle inscription, excavated from Pit YH127 in 1936. Some others were bone oracle inscription related to Lady Ye＇s deliv- eries. Based on the study of those documents, we deduced that Lady Ye＇ s deliveries were in February in one year, in April in one year when it was autumn flood season and in July in one year at Wudi＇s reign. We can also deduce that Wuding＇ s forefather may be married lady from Ye Clan according to the records on oracle inscriptions about Wuding＇s praying for his mother, Lady Ye. The oracle inscrip- tions about Lady Ye were considered to be the earliest record about people of Ye Clan.