国有企业与乡镇企业的比较分析

A Comparative Analysis between National Enterprises and Rural Enterprises

文章指出,国有企业与乡镇企业是我国国民经济中两支不可相互替代的经济队伍。国有企业在管理水平、技术水平、专业化生产、依法经营以及稳定整个国民经济等方面具有较大的优势;乡镇企业则在自主经营、自负盈亏、按劳取酬、适应市场等方面具有较为显著的优点。因此,在我国的经济发展与改革过程中,国有企业与乡镇企业应有不同的取向,国家应采取不同的政策。国有企业是我国经济建设的主要力量,其产业发展重点应以基础工业以及机电、化工等制造业为主;其改革应以坚持和完善承包制、厂长负责制、推行税利分离、实行优化劳动组合为重点。乡镇企业在我国国民经济中占据重要地位,其产业发展重点应以农副产品为原料的加工工业为主;其改革应以发展横向经济联合、推行股份制和个人承包、强化内部管理和提高产品质量、完善信息系统为重点。

The thesis holds that national and rural enterprioes are two irreplaceable economic forces inChina's national economy. The former gains more superiority in administration, technology, spe-cialized pteduction, managment according to laws and stabilization of whole the national econno-my, however, the latter has more notable strong points; such as in independent management, as-suming sole resposibility for its own profits or lco, paying according to work and suitablenessof markets, and so on. Therefore, in the process of China's economic development and reforms,both mational and rural enterprises should have their own different directions, and the stateshould has different policies to them. The national enterprises are the main force in China's eco-nomic construction, the important of their produtive development should lay the basic industlesand the industries as machinery, electrisity, chemistry and so on. The reforms of them will be car-ried on the fields such as the persistence and perfection of coract system, the responsibility ofmaster in facfaries, the separation of taxation and benefit and the optinum labour combinations.The rural enterprises have their important positions in china's national economy. The importanceof the industrial development should lay the processing industries taking agricultural and side-line products as raw materinls; So the reforms of them should lay the important points such as thedevelopment of the crosswide economic combinations, the practice of the stock system and the in-dividual contract; the strengthening of inside administration, the improvement of the products'quality, and the perfection of the informative system.