合作原则:违反与言外之意——《押沙龙,押沙龙!》的修辞叙事策略

Cooperative Principle:Violation and Illocution

违背言语交际合作原则是富于叙述模式创新的福克纳乐于采用的修辞策略。他的小说《押沙龙,押沙龙!》在两个交际层面上违反合作原则:一是文本外真实作者与真实读者之间的交流层面,二是文本内叙述者之间的言语行为层面。显性的违反准则揭示了作者过度保护交流合作的修辞动机,因为读者会在这种标记性的叙述行为中发现作者的言外之意,获得作者预期的言后之意。

Faulkner is a writer fond of experimental narration, and violation of cooperative principle is a rhetorical strategy that he likes to adopt. His novel Absalom, Absalom! violates the cooperative principle from two communicative levels., the one is the communicative level between the extra-textual real author and real reader~ the other is the speech act level among the textual narrators. The dominant violation principle reveals the author＇s rhetorical motivation that excessively protects the communicative cooperation, because the reader can discover the author＇s illocution in the marked narrative act and gain the perlocution author expected.