鄱阳湖区气候变化及其对生态环境的影响

Climate Change and Its Influences on Local Ecological Environment of Poyang Lake Area

利用鄱阳湖区1961—2005年气温、降水资料和多年鄱阳湖遥感监测资料,从气候变化特征、气象灾害、鄱阳湖水域面积变化多个方面,分析气候变化对鄱阳湖区生态环境的影响。研究结果表明:鄱阳湖区年平均气温呈现先降后升的趋势,转折点是上世纪80年代中期,其中冬季增温多;降水总体平衡,且有少量增加,但暴雨频次增加,在总降水量中所占比例越来越大;鄱阳湖水域面积季节性变化较大,同期数据比较分析表明鄱阳湖水域呈缩小趋势;湖区生态环境对气候变化的响应明显,大量的湖汊退缩和干涸,湖滨湿地退化、枯水期湖床沙化等生态问题更加突出。

We employed such meteorological data of 1961 to 2005 as temperature, precipitation and remote sensing data to analyze the influences of climate change on the ecological environment of Poyang Lake area from climate change, meteorological disaster and Poyang Lake area change. Results show that the average annual temperature initially decreases and then increases, turning point at the mid-1980s, and that temperature increase is frequent in winter. Precipitation change is unnoticeable and slightly upward, but heavy rain frequency increases, whose proportion to total rainfall is increasingly high. Poyang Lake area remarkably varies with season, which area decreases by comparison with the same period data. Ecological environment significantly varies with climate change： large amount of lake water of the branches flinch and even dry up; ecological environment worsening become increasingly remarkable, e.g. lake front wetlands degradation, lake bed desertification, etc.