中国金矿床:基于成矿时空的分类探讨

GOLD DEPOSITS IN CHINA:DISCUSSION ON THE METALLOGENIC TEMPORAL-SPATIAL CLASSIFICATION

通过回顾近10年金矿床分类研究成果,总结了金矿床分类现状、存在的主要问题及其原因。认为金矿床分类应包括两个层面:一是理论分类,相当于过去所说的成因分类;二是应用分类,相当于矿床的工业分类。提出基于成矿时代(时间)-成矿环境(空间)为坐标系的新的理论分类方案。将内生金矿床划分为6种理论类型,即裂谷型(拉张期)、俯冲造山型(俯冲期)、碰撞造山型(碰撞期)、伸展造山型(伸展期)、板内(非造山型)("稳定"期)和过渡-叠加?复合型。将含金地质体的性质(种类)或矿床的突出产出特点作为划分金矿床应用类型的准则。对近8 000个金矿床的统计分析表明,石英脉型、(破碎)蚀变岩型、角砾岩型、斑岩型、微细浸染型(卡林-类卡林型)、(次)火山岩型(低硫、高硫)、夕卡岩型、(浅变质)沉积(碎屑)岩型、蛇绿岩(套)型(基性-超基性岩型)、红土(铁帽)型、(砂)砾岩型等11种金矿床类型是最常见、最重要的应用类型。讨论了新矿床分类方案的理论与实践意义及其在应用中应注意的问题。

The paper summarizes up situation of gold deposit classification in the past 10 years and picks up the problems and discusses the reasons then puts forward opinion about the classification. The classification should concern with two aspects, i.e. the theoretic category that is the former genetic classification and the applicable category that is the former industrial classification. A new theoretic classification schedule is put forward based on metallogenic epoch （temporal）-metallogenic environment （spatial） coor dinate system in which endogenic gold deposits are divided into 6 theoretic types i. e. rift （extensional period） type, subduction orogenic （subduction period） type, collision orogenic （collision period） type, stretching orogenic （stretching period） type, intraplate （non-orogenic type） （＂stable＂ period） and transision-rework-composite type and nature of gold-bearing geological bodies or the occurrence characteristics of gold deposit are taken as the criterion of the industrial classification. Analysis of nearly 8000 gold deposits shows that quartz -vein, altered cataclastic-rock, conglomerate, porphyre, micro-disseminated （Karlin and Karlin-like）, （sub-volcanic） volcanic （high sulfur, low sulfur）, skarn （low grade metamorphic） sedimentary （clastic） rock, ophiolite （basic-ultra-basic）, lateritic（gossan）, （sandy） conglomerate etc. the 11 types are the common applicable gold deposits. Discussion is made about the practical significance and problems to that attention should be paid.