“出口中学”效应与中国企业的国际化战略

Learning by exporting and enterprise internationalization in China

文章以"出口中学"效应为视角,借鉴Coe and Helpman国际研发溢出模型的思路,引入出口研发溢出因子,考察国际研发通过出口传导机制对国内企业全要素生产率的影响。采用1998～2006年我国28个省份的面板数据进行实证分析,结果发现"出口中学"效应在国家层面是成立的,但在区域间存在着程度差异。进一步考察发现,通过出口贸易所获得的国外研发的外溢效应并没能与国内的人力资本结合起来对技术进步起到应有的促进作用。结合文章的实证结论,就深化中国企业的国际化战略提出了相应的政策建议。

From the perspective of ＂learning by exporting＂, using international technology spillover model by Coe and Helpman for reference and introducing the index of exporting R＆D spillovers, this paper estimates the impact international R＆D on domestic total factors productivity through exporting. The empirical estimates form using province level data covering the period 1998-2006 indicate that ＂learning by export＂ effects exist at the national level. They are different at the regional level however. Further, such effects are not matching with domestic human capital to improve TFP. Finally, relative policy recommendations are made for implementing enterprises internationalization strategy.