上海地下水流场变化及对地面沉降发展的影响

Change of Groundwater Seepage Field and its Influence on Development of Land Subsidence in Shanghai

针对近年来上海地下水采灌格局新的变化态势，利用地下水位与地层变形的实测数据，分析了地下水渗流场变化及对地面沉降发展的影响。结果表明：开采地下水直接影响地下水流场分布；埋深170～300m的深部含水层集中开采导致的地下水位持续下降以及地表下至75m范围内的浅部含水层的工程降水和建筑荷载，是目前上海地面沉降的两大制约因素；深部含水层地下水开采量已超过总采量的80％，其地层压缩量占地面沉降比例超过50％，75m以浅地层的固结压缩则占近30％。提出了地下水资源开发管理和地面沉降系统调控的对策与措施，有助于减弱地面沉降及其社会危害。

Poineed to the new change situation of the groundwater exploitation and fills in Shanghai at the recent years, using the measured data which related the groundwater level and the stratum deformation, this paper analyzed the influence of changing the groundwater seepage field to land subsidence development. The result indicated that： Exploitation groundwater directly influence to distribution of seepage field; The water table 170--300m depth aquifer central exploitation caused the groundwater level to drop steady, and the surface to the 75m scope in shallow aquifer engineering precipitation and the building load are two key restriction factors of land subsidence at the present in Shanghai. In the deep aquifer, exploitation quantity of groundwater has surpassed 80% in total, its stratum deformation has surpassed 50M in land subsidence, consolidation compression of shallow stratum from surface to the 75m, to account for nearly 30%. Countermeasures and measures for groundwater resources exploitation management and land subsidence system control are helpful to reduce the land subsidence disaster and its society harm.