人格的三层次与艺术的三境界——论王国维的境界说

The Three Levels Of Personality and The Three Art Realm——On The Realm Theory Of Wang Guo-wei

王国维"有我之境"可再分为"小我之境"和"大我之境",而"无我之境"更确切说是"超我之境"。这"三境界"与做学问的"三境界"可统一起来,但顺序为:"衣带渐宽终不悔,为伊消得人憔悴"是"小我之境",是执着于构成自我结构的一切利益、感受、知识等,这种"自我状态"绝对化必然与痛苦相生,是第一境界;"众里寻他千百度,回头蓦见,那人正在灯火阑珊处","回头"否定了对"小我"的执着,从而在"那人"身上发现相对的自我,是自我的一次解脱,也是新的觉悟,达到相对的"类我境界",此第二境界;"昨夜西风凋碧树。独上高楼,望尽天涯路"代表第三境界,一切障碍消除了,自我延伸到无限,体验到永恒,得到彻底解脱,获得对世界本质的完整认识和大智慧。

＂Ego-involved Realm＂ of Wang Guowei can be further divided into ＂Small Ego-involved Realm＂ and ＂Big Ego-involved Realm＂, and his ＂Ego-absent realm＂ can be more precisely said as ＂super-ego realm＂. These ＂three realms＂ are similar to the ＂three states＂ in academic research. ＂The dress takes to loosen gradually and I am more and more emaciated, No regretful plying at all, I am rather for her only distressed as I did＂ is ＂Small Ego-involved Realm＂, which is the first state; ＂In the crowd once and again, I look for her in vain. When all at once turn my head, I find her there where lantern light is dimly shed＂ is the ＂Big Ego-involved Realm＂, which is the second state; ＂under westerly last night, the tree has become forsaken. Alone on the tower, we can see the road to the border world. ＂ is the ＂Ego-absent realm＂ which represents the highest third state.