中世纪中西方教育体制之比较

Comparison of Education System between China and the West in Middle Ages

西方中世纪教育体制是多元化结构,以教会、王权与世俗多元对立为主要特色。中国中世纪教育体制是一元化结构,以国家官府办学为主导,私学始终是官学的附庸,都为专制政治服务。因而在课程内容、思想价值、教育成果诸方面,中西方都存在着巨大差异,最后西方突破教会神学的精神控制,转向世俗化的人文主义,大学逐渐成为当时自由思想的根据地,培养出一大批有独立个性的文化巨人,促进了欧洲文艺复兴和宗教改革运动,从容走出中世纪。而中国的教育体制始终徘徊在千年专制统治的阴影之下,主要是培养了一批御用文人,无法走出传统文化的怪圈,无法走出中世纪。

Western education in the Middle Ages was of a wide range of institutional structures,which took the church,monarchy and multi-secular opposition for the main features.Medieval China was of a unitary structure of the education system included the state-ran schools and private schools.they were always the clients to authoritarian politics.Thus in the course and content,and the value aspects of education,there are great differences.Finally breakthrough happened in the West with the help of the secular humanism.The universities has gradually become the base of freedom of thought at the time,cultivating a large group of people of independent personality and cultural giant.China's education system has always hovered at the Millennium under the shadow of authoritarian rule,only to train a group of knights of the pen,so China could not get out of the cycle of traditional culture and the Middle Ages.