公共与个体竞争交通系统的定价研究

Pricing and Modal Split in a Competitive System of Mass Transit and Highway

针对一个公共与个体两种交通方式并存的竞争系统 ,扩展了 Tabuchi[1 ]的定价与方式划分研究 .扩展包括两个方面 ,一是考虑公共交通产生的以身体接触为主的不舒服因素 ,二是考虑两种交通方式在行驶时间上的差异 .通过寻找出行者选择不同交通方式的成本平衡点 ,推导和比较了各种交通收费政策下的流量分布和系统总成本 ,进一步加深了对竞争系统定价和方式划分问题的认识 .且讨论了一个颇有吸引力的收费补贴政策 ,即合理地从个体交通出行者身上收费 。

This paper extends the analyses by Tabuchi[1 ] on transport pricing and modal split when there is a mass transitparallel to a road with a bottleneck between a residential area and a workplace. The extensions are in two aspects,one considering the effects caused by discomfort of mass transit, another treating the travel time difference between two modes.Through studying the equilibrium of costs incurred on individuals,we investigate the flow distributions resulting from several transit fare and road- use tolling schemes and compare the individual perceived costs as well as the total social costs.Some useful insights different from previous understandings on this problem are derived.The policy which utilizes the revenue generated from road- use tolling to subsidize transit,is also dis- cussed.