假高粱挥发油化学成分及其化感潜力

Chemical compositions and allelopathic potential of volatile oil from Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers

以水蒸气蒸馏法提取假高粱挥发油,应用GC和GC-MS定量分析其化学成分,并探讨其饱和水溶液对作物、杂草和土壤微生物的活性。结果表明,从挥发油中鉴定出的26种化学成分占总挥发油的76.51%,主要成分为倍半萜类化合物,如反式-α-佛手烯(21.95%)、α-绿叶烯(10.77%)和α-雪松烯(4.66%)等。假高粱挥发油对所有供试杂草种子萌发、作物苗高及其干重具有较强的抑制作用。在假高粱挥发油作用下,土壤中真菌和放线菌数量显著减少,细菌数量明显增加。研究证明,假高粱挥发油对其它植物及土壤微生物有较强的化感效应。

The volatile oil was obtained with steam distillation from Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense （ L. ） Pers. leaves. The chemical components were analyzed by the means of GC and GC-MS, and its biological effects on crops, weeds and microbial populations were studied. Twenty-six chemicals, 76.51% of total content, were isolated and identified from the volatile oil. The main component was sesquiterpenes, such as trans-α-berg-amotene （21.95%）, α-patchoulene （ 10.77% ）, α-himachalene （4.66%）, etc. Weed germination, crop shoot height and dry weight were significantly inhibited by the volatile oil. The volatile oil also significantly reduced the population of fungi and actinomycetes in the test soils, but significantly increased the population of bacteria in the soils. The results indicated that the volatile oil from Sorghum halepense demonstrated significant allelopathic potential on depressing surrounding plants and affecting microbial populations.