昆明市餐饮具消毒效果监测评价及对策

Monitoring and Evaluation of Disinfection Efficacy of Dinner and Drinking Set and Its Countermeasure in Kunming City

目的了解昆明市餐具卫生消毒状况,为制定卫生管理政策奠定基础。方法按照《食(饮)具消毒卫生标准》(GB14934-94),大肠菌群快速检验纸片法进行。结果共检测样品739件,合格485件,合格率64.28%。其中,2006年398件,合格率80.90%;2008年341件,合格率44.87%。2年检测样品合格率差异有统计学意义(χ2=45.57,P<0.01);大型餐饮业合格率最高83.54%,小型餐饮业合格率最低23.14%,不同类型餐饮业合格率差异有统计学意义(χ2=143.42,P<0.01);不同种类餐饮具,其检测合格率差异也有统计学意义(χ2=38.27,P<0.01)。结论昆明市餐饮业消毒的卫生质量有待加强和提高。建议卫生监督机构应加强对餐饮业卫生监督力度,尤其是对消毒效果不好或未落实的小型餐饮业,应增加监督和抽检的频次。

[ Objective] To study the disinfection status of tableware in Kunming City, provide basis for making health management policy. [ Methods] According to Hygienic standard for disinfection of dinner and drinking set （GB 14934-94）, rapid coliform group test with scraps of paper was adopted. [ Results] [ Results ] 739 samples were tested, and the eligible rate was 64.28% （ 485 samples）. The eligible rate of 398 samples in 2006 was 80.90% ,that of 341 samples in 2008 was 44.87%, there was significant difference in eligible rate between two years （ Χ^2 = 45.57, P 〈 0. 01 ）. The eligible rate of large catering enterprises was the highest （ 83.54% ） , that of small catering enterprises was the lowest （ 23.14% ）. The difference in eligible rate among different types of catering enterprises was significant（ Χ^2 = 143.42,P 〈0. 01 ） , and the difference in eligible rate among different types of dinner and drinking set was significant too （ Χ^2 = 38.27 ,P 〈 0. 01 ）. [ Conclusion] The quality of dinner and drinking set disinfection of catering trade in Kunming City should be improved. The suggestion is that the institution of health inspection should strengthen the health supervision of catering trade, increase the frequency of supervision and sampling inspection in small catering enterprises which with poor disinfection efficacy or absence of management.