中国经济体制两次转型的历史比较

A Historical Comparison Between the Two Transformations of Economic System in China

新中国成立60年来,中国经济体制经历了两次大的转型:第一次是新中国初期,从半统制半市场经济转变为计划经济;第二次是改革开放之后,由计划经济转变为社会主义市场经济。本文探讨了这两次转型发生的历史原因及关键环节,通过比较认为,这是方向相反但各环节排列大体对称的两个历史过程,市场经济的规律在其中发挥着或隐性或显性的作用,两次转型的共同特点是以党和政府为主导,以渐进方式展开,整个过程较为平稳。

The Chinese economic system has undergone two major transformations over the past 60 since the founding of New China： the first transformation took place in the early years of the Republic from a semi-controlled and semi-market economy into a planned economy and the second after the launching of reform and opening up from a planned economy into a socialist market economy. This article investigates the historical causes and key links of these two transformations and comes to the following conclusions through comparisons ： they are two historical processes along opposite directions with roughly symmetrical layout of major links, the law of market economy plays an implicit or explicit role, and both transformations are carried out under the leadership of the Party and government and progress step by step, steadily and smoothly.