血液透析患者的营养状况与护理干预

Nutrition status and nursing intervention of hemodialysis patients

血液透析（简称血透）是终末期肾病患者常见的维持性治疗手段，血透患者存在相当高的营养不良发生率。国外诸多研究明确了营养不良发生原因，并就相关营养支持做了大量临床研究。美国、欧洲均已建立起较为成熟的针对透析患者的临床营养指南，就患者的营养筛查、营养评价工具及临床干预给出了较为明确的临床指导、建议及研究方向。国内有关营养干预的研究尚缺乏严格设计的前瞻性临床随机对照研究。护理人员在血透患者营养支持中的作用非常重要。为了提高护理人员对营养支持的认知，更好地为血透患者提供营养支持，对血透患者营养支持的现状与护理干预进行综述。

Hemodialysis is a maintaining curing means commonly used for patients having nephropatby in the end-phase and telo-phase, and hemodialysis patients have a considerably high rate of occuring malnutrition. Various studies in foreign countries have elucidated the reasons for causing malnutrition, and a lot of clinical trials have been done about related nutrition support. In US and Europe, well-rounded clinical nutrition guidelines for hemodialysis patients have been established, which give out express clinical directions, suggestions and study aspects, from the examination of patients＇ nutrition, to nutrition assessment tools, and to nutritional interventions. But, in the studied in our country, the study on nutritional interventions is lack of prospective randomized controlled trial with a strict design. The role of nursing staff in the nutrition support for hemodialysis patients is very important. In order to improve the congnization of nuring staff to nutrition support, and to provide a better nutrition support to hemodialysis patients, it needs to do a review of the current situations and nursing intervention about nutrition support to hemodialysis patients.