2007-2008年中国城乡饮用水源突发污染事件统计及分析

Statistical analysis on the drinking-water supply system pollution incidents in China during the period of 2007 - 2008

在文献[1,2]的基础上,通过查阅影响力较大的报刊和网站资料,统计了我国2007年1月1日至2008年12月31日期间发生的城乡饮用水源突发污染事件,分析了以2007年太湖蓝藻事件、2008年阳宗海污染事件为代表的近2年中国城乡水源突发污染事件及其应急情况的新特点从发生日期、地点、污染物种类、事件简况、应急反应5个方面对187起突发污染事件进行统计分析,研究表明:1)2007-2008年突发污染事件依然呈现数量增多、危害增大、风险源增多的趋势;2、各类工业污水和危险化学品仍是主要污染物;3)突然排污、交通事故、工厂泄漏仍是主要风险源,但是自然灾害(如冰冻灾害、地震)也能导致少数严重的突发污染;4) 43.3%的事件威胁到城市供水系统安全运行;5)75.9%的突发污染事件得到了应急响应,但响应时间仍然较长;6)大多数突发污染事件缺乏全面、客观、及时的信息披露与跟踪报道。

This paper is aimed at presenting a statistical analysis on the situation of the urban and rural drinking-water supply system pollution in China during the two year period of 2007-2008 by taking reference to the statistical data provided in the reports of the corresponding authoritative websites and influential newspapers.Cogsulting the related periodical materials and news reports on the important drinking water incidents and analyses of the new features of such incidents and the emergency response plan prepared to the Taihu Lake cyan bacteria pollution incident in 2007 and Yangzonghai Lake pollution incident in 2008. The paper categorized 187 water pollution incidents into different sorts and analyzed the following five aspects, such as the dates, websites, pollutant types, brief descriptions and emergency response measures taken. Conclusions of the paper can be briefly stated as follows： （a） the pollution incidents took place in a much higher frequency, which is likely to bring more serious consequences and more hazard sources; （b） major pollutants remain the sewage and dangerous chemical substances discharged by the factoties; （c） major risk sources remain the industrial sewage discharges, inland traffic accidents and industrial pollutant leakage, in terms of natural disasters, like snow avalanche and earthquake, have brought about severe pollutions; （d） most of such incidents may lead to serious consequences to the social developments, with 43.3 percent of them threatening the safety of the urban or rural water supply system; （e） about 75.9 percent of such incidents is likely to arouse positive social response whereas the emergency response time remains not instantaneous enough; （f） most case-study reports on water supply system pollution incidents lack adequate transparency and therefore remain to be traced more closely so as to get timely and positive social responses.